Learning Through Foraging Consequences: A IVIechanism of Feeding Niche Separation in Sympatric Ruminants
نویسندگان
چکیده
Explanations for why sympatric ruminant species select diets composed of different plant species or plant parts have been controversial. Our explanation is based on learning from foraging consequences, which includes the influences that morphology, physiology, and experience have on diet selection. We conducted a trial with cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis arias), and goats (Capra hircus) and leafy spurge (LS; Euphorbia esula L.) to explore the interface between the learning and morphophysiological foraging models with these sympatric ruminants. After a pretrial adjustment period, the control group for each species received, via stomach tube on days 1 and 2, ground grass after eating a novel food (NF; rolled corn), and the treatment group for each species received ground air-dried LS after eating the NF, NF intake on days 2 and 3 was expressed as a percent of NF intake on day 1, and it declined considerably for cattle and sheep dosed with LS but did not decline for goats receiving it (P = 0.001). LS elicited learned aversive feeding responses from cattle and sheep but not from goats. The results are consistent with field observations that goats graze LS more readily than sheep or cattle do. Learning from foraging consequences offers an explanation for the unique diets of sympatric ruminant species. Resumen Las explicaciones sobre los diferentes tipos de plantas o partes de plantas en las dietas de rumiantes "simpatricos" son aun polemicas. Nuestra explicacion esta basada en el aprendizaje de las consecuencias del forrajeo, que incluyen las influencias de la morfologia, la Hsiologia, y la experiencia en la seleccion de la dieta. Realizamos un ensayo con ganado vacuno (Bos taurus), ovino (Ovis aries), y caprino (Capra toircus), y con la euforbia "leafy spurge" (Euphorbia esula) para explorar el interface entre aprendizaje y los modelos morfo-fisiologicos de forrajeo en estos rumiantes "simpatricos." Despues de un periodo inicial de ajuste (pretratamiento), el grupo de control para cada especie recibio durante el primer y segundo dia, via tubo estomacal, "ground grass" despues de comer "novel food" (NF; maiz rodado) y el grupo de tratamiento para Cada especie recibio "ground air-dried LS" despues de comer NF. La ingestion de NF en el segundo y tercer dia se expreso como un porcentaje de NF en el primer dia y se redujo considerablemente para vacunos y ovinos alimentados con LS, pero no se redujo para caprinos (P = 0,001). LS provoco respuestas adversas de alimentacion aprendida por parte de vacunos y ovinos pero no de caprinos. Los resultados son consistentes con observaciones de campo en las cuales caprinos pastan LS con mas facilidad de ovinos y vacunos. El aprendizaje de las consecuencias de forrajeo ofrece una explicacion sobre la particularidad de las dietas de especies de rumiantes "simpatricos."
منابع مشابه
Learning Through Foraging Consequences: A Mechanism of Feeding Niche Separation in Sympatric Ruminants
Explanations for why sympatric ruminant species select diets composed of different plant species or plant parts have been controversial. Our explanation is based on learning from foraging consequences, which includes the influences that morphology, physiology, and experience have on diet selection. We conducted a trial with cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), and goats (Capra hircus) and l...
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